Registration of an FIR on the statement of a police official who witnessed the incident is valid and its authenticity cannot be doubted merely because no complaint was filed by the victim. U..

Under Section 149 of the IPC, every member of an unlawful assembly is vicariously liable for acts committed by any member in furtherance of the common object. Absence of a specific eyewitnes..

Creamy layer status within the OBC category cannot be determined solely on the basis of parental salary income. The 1993 Office Memorandum, issued pursuant to Indra Sawhney, mandates that st..

Acquittal of a co-accused or failure of a conspiracy charge under Section 120B of the IPC does not automatically result in acquittal of a public servant on the substantive charge under Secti..

Clinically Administered Nutrition constitutes medical treatment and may be withdrawn in accordance with the judgment in Common Cause. Where Primary and Secondary Medical Boards unanimously c..

Call Detail Records, being electronic evidence, are inadmissible unless accompanied by a certificate under Section 65-B(4) of the Indian Evidence Act. Examination of nodal officers of teleco..

Admission of additional evidence at the appellate stage under Order XLI Rule 27 of the Code of Civil Procedure is discretionary. No vested or automatic right exists in favour of a party to p..

Vague and omnibus allegations, without attribution of specific acts, dates, or places, cannot sustain criminal proceedings under Section 498A of the IPC and Sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Pro..

Title in immovable property vests in an auction purchaser upon confirmation of sale. Where an auction purchaser is already in possession on the date of institution of suit, formal delivery o..

Inquiry under Section 202 of the CrPC (Section 225, BNSS) before issuing summons to an accused residing outside territorial jurisdiction is mandatory only for private complaints. Where a com..

Under Section 133 of the Indian Contract Act, variance in the terms of a contract between the principal debtor and creditor, made without the consent of the surety, discharges the surety onl..

A non-party adversely affected by a judgment is not without remedy. Such a person may seek review of the judgment or approach the appropriate forum to ventilate grievances. In service matter..