Under clause (a) of the proviso to Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, a cheque must be presented within six months or within its validity period, whichever is earlier. Wher..

Under Sections 32 and 33 of the Indian Succession Act, 1925, when a Christian intestate dies leaving behind a widow and lineal descendants, the estate devolves entirely upon them. The mother..

Under Sections 2(s) and 19 of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, a "shared household" is a fact-sensitive determination. A premises historically occupied as a matrimon..

Section 175(3) BNSS does not compel a Magistrate to direct FIR registration or police investigation in every case disclosing a cognizable offence. Where the complainant possesses complete kn..

Under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, a marriage contracted during the subsistence of a prior valid marriage is void. Relevant service rules restrict family pensions to legally wedded spouses,..

Under Article 22(1) of the Constitution and Section 36 BNSS communicating grounds of arrest is a mandatory constitutional safeguard, not a formality. An arrest memo silent on grounds, combi..

Whether Section 498A IPC/S.85 BNS extends to a man in a live-in relationship or a relationship in the nature of marriage — where no legal marriage exists — remains an open question. ..

Tribunal cannot deny compensation on speculative grounds-- Section 124A of Railways Act requires purposive interpretation in favour of claimants – Once a valid ticket and witness affidavit..

Section 155(2) CrPC bars police from investigating a non-cognizable offence without a Magistrate's order but does not specify who must move the application for such an order. The provision's..

Under Section 2(f) of the Domestic Violence Act, 2005, a "domestic relationship" includes relationships in the nature of marriage. Legal proof of a ceremonial marriage is not mandatory; evid..

Under Section 125 CrPC, maintenance is not limited to preventing destitution but ensures a wife lives with dignity consistent with the husband's status. Mere employment or income of the wife..

Under Section 4 of the Senior Citizens Act, 2007, a senior citizen can invoke the Maintenance Tribunal's jurisdiction only upon establishing inability to maintain oneself from personal earni..