Self-acquired property of a Hindu male, upon his death after commencement of the Hindu Succession Act, 1956, passes to his son as a Class I heir in the son's individual capacity. It does not..

A Supreme Court judge has stressed that judicial independence requires more than institutional safeguards — it demands personal commitment to constitutional duty. Addressing the Justice T ..

Under the Employees' Compensation Act, 1923, a disability certificate issued by a "qualified medical practitioner" is valid even if that practitioner did not treat the injured workman. Secti..

The principle of "no work no pay" does not apply where an employee, though willing to work, was kept away from a promotional post due to administrative lapse of the employer. Once retrospect..

Under Section 195 of the CrPC (Section 215 BNSS), cognizance of offences affecting public justice can be taken only upon a complaint by the concerned public servant or a superior authority â..

Under Section 133 of the Indian Contract Act, variance in the terms of a contract between the principal debtor and creditor, made without the consent of the surety, discharges the surety onl..

A non-party adversely affected by a judgment is not without remedy. Such a person may seek review of the judgment or approach the appropriate forum to ventilate grievances. In service matter..

Annexures to petitions must comprise certified copies of court records. Filing uncertified photostat copies sourced directly from court files is impermissible and indicates unauthorized acce..

Allegations of cruelty under Section 13(1)(i-a) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 must be established through legally admissible evidence. Electronic communications such as WhatsApp chats must..

Police must record statements and preserve videos of amicable settlements in criminal matters to establish that consent of parties is free, voluntary, and without pressure or threat. Such re..

A confession made by a person in police custody is inadmissible under Section 26 of the Evidence Act unless made in the immediate presence of a Magistrate. Section 26 operates independently ..

Hymen rupture or vaginal injury is not an essential ingredient to prove penetrative sexual assault under Section 3(a) of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012. Penetratio..