Using Forged Document as Genuine -- Absence of Knowledge or Reason to Believe -- Offence under Section 471 RPC not made out
(i) Ranbir Penal Code, S.471 -- Using Forged Document as Genuine -- Absence of Knowledge or Reason to Believe -- Offence requires that the document be forged, used as genuine by the accused, that the accused knew or had reason to believe it was forged, and that such use was fraudulent or dishonest -- Mere use of a forged document as genuine, without the requisite knowledge or belief, does not by itself constitute the offence. (ii) Ranbir Penal Code, S.471 -- Reason to Believe -- Standard Higher than Suspicion or Doubt -- Expression carries a higher threshold than mere suspicion or doubt and mere seeing cannot be equated to believing -- Belief must be founded on circumstances from which a reasonable person could, by probable reasoning, conclude that the document was forged -- Requisite knowledge or belief must be deduced from the circumstances of each case.
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